John James Audubon (1785-1851), Plate 111, Musk Ox, Octavo Cartographer_Gerard Mercator he refers to Ptolemy and

he refers to Ptolemy and proves himself at a transitional moment of cartography and the Renaissance in general

French maps of 1718

By drawing so deeply from the knowledge of the indigenous people to the west

The female is slightly smaller than the male and differs in having the entire front of her neck pure white

John James Audubon (1785-1851), Plate 111, Musk Ox, Octavo Cartographer_Gerard Mercator he refers to Ptolemy andJohn James Audubon (1785 1851) & John Woodhouse Audubon (1812 1862) Musk Ox, Plate CXI From The Quadrupeds of North America, Octavo Edition Published New York and Philadelphia, 1845 1871 Lithograph printed with color and finished by hand 7 x 10 inches